Prenatal development is the biological process encompassing the growth and differentiation of an organism from conception to birth. As a research field, it investigates the sequential stages of embryonic and fetal development, including cellular proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis, and the formation of organ systems, characterized by rapid, complex changes influenced by genetic programming and environmental factors. Its significance lies in establishing the foundational structures and physiological systems crucial for postnatal survival and long-term health and developmental trajectories.